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| Bengkulu |
The city of Bengkulu is one of the city, as well as the capital of Bengkulu province, Indonesia. Previously this area was in effect Inderapura kingdom and sultanate of Banten. Then the British occupied before it is submitted to the Dutch. The city is also a place of exile Bung Karno in the next year 1939 - 1942 during the reign of the Dutch East Indies.
Bengkulu city with an area of 151.7 km ², situated on the west coast of Sumatra island with approximately 525 km long coastline. The area the city is stretched parallel to the Bukit Barisan mountain range and directly facing the Indian Ocean.
At the beginning of the 17th century, the area was under the influence of Bengkulu Banten kingdom and the ruler of the Minangkabau.
The arrival of Europeans to the islands of Indonesia are caused by the desire to obtain spices directly from the source. In a number of European countries founded the airline whose purpose is to look for spices and sell them in the European market. The Dutch founded the East India Company, or Verenigde Oost Indië Compagnie or "airline union to the East Indies. " The English founded the East India Company or "airline to the East Indies. "
One of the spices are looking for is pepper. One of the areas where the pepper grows is the southern part of Sumatra island. In 1633 the VOC established trading post in Bengkulu. Then drive out the British East India Company from Banten. This forced the East India Company, who still want to be involved in the trade of pepper, founded in 1685 a post in Bengkulu, "Bencoolen" in English, with the aim of looking for pepper. To protect this heading, the British send a small army. To accommodate these troops built a fort, Fort Marlborough.
Britain occupied Bengkulu over 140 years. In this period hundreds of British soldiers died of cholera, malaria and dysentery. Life in Bengkulu very difficult for British people, compared to India. At that trip voyage from England to Bengkulu take 8 months.
Conflicts arise between the authorities in London and India on the one hand, and those who wish to retain the British occupation of Sumatra for pepper to continue trading. In addition to Fort Marlborough, Company also built Fort York in Bengkulu and Fort Anne in Muko-Muko.
Occurs also clashes with the locals. Year 1719 Britain was forced to leave Bengkulu. England and then returned. But in 1760 the Fort Marlborough surrendered to French troops sent.
1807 British resident Thomas Parr was killed. Parr replaced Thomas Stamford Raffles, who tried to establish peaceful relations between the British and local authorities.
Under the Anglo-Dutch treaty, signed in 1824, Britain handed Bengkulu to the Netherlands, and Dutch Melaka to the British surrender.
However, the new Dutch truly established its colonial administration in Bengkulu in 1868. Because the production of spices have long decline, the Dutch tried to raise again. Bengkulu economy improving and developing town of Bengkulu. In 1878 the Dutch made separately from residentie Bengkulu South Sumatra.
Under the Emergency Law No. 6 of 1956, Bengkulu is one of a Small Town with an area of 17.6 km ² within the province of South Sumatra. The mention of a Small Town was later turned into a municipality on the basis of Law No. 1 Year 1957 about subjects of local government.
After the release of Law No. 9 of 1967 regarding the establishment of the province of Bengkulu, Bengkulu Municipality as well as a capital for the province. [2] But the new law came into force on June 1, 1968 after the release of Government Regulation No. 20 of 1968. [3]
Based on the Decree of the Head of the Provincial Governor of Bengkulu No. 821.27-039 dated January 22, 1981, Level II Regional Municipality of Bengkulu further divided into 2 sub-level areas of the Gulf District and Kecamatan Gading Cempaka Segara.
With the enactment of Decree Mayor Head of Level II Bengkulu No. 440 and 444 of 1981 and strengthened by the Decree of Head of the Provincial Governor of Bengkulu No. 141 of 1982 dated October 1, 1982, mention of the deleted region and Kepemangkuan Kedatukan into wards.
Furthermore, based on Government Regulation No. 41 of 1982, the Regional Municipality of Bengkulu Level II consists of 2 Definitive Sub Area with Bay District oversees 17 Segara Village and Gading Cempaka District oversees 21 villages. Then based on Government Regulation Number 46 of 1986, Bengkulu Municipality area increased to 144.52 km ² and consists of 4 districts, 38 villages and 17 villages.