Jakarta City

Jakarta City

Special Capital Region of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta, Jakarta Raya) is the capital city of Indonesia. Jakarta is the only city in Indonesia which has a province-level status. Jakarta is located in northwest part of Java Island. Formerly been known as the Sunda Kelapa (before 1527), Jayakarta (1527-1619), Batavia, or Jacatra (1619-1942), and Djakarta (1942-1972).

Jakarta has an area of approximately 661.52 km ² (ocean: 6977.5 km ²), with a total population of 9,588,198 inhabitants (2010). Jakarta metropolitan area (Greater) with a population of about 23 million inhabitants, is the largest metropolitan area in Indonesia or a sixth of the world.

Jakarta is located on the north side of Java Island, at the mouth of the Ci Liwung, Jakarta Bay. Jakarta is located in the lowlands at an average height of 8 meters above sea level. This resulted in Jakarta is often flooded. South of Jakarta is a mountainous area with high rainfall. Jakarta passed by the 13 rivers which all goes back to the Bay of Jakarta. The most important river is Ci Liwung, which divides the city into two. The eastern and southern borders Jakarta and West Java provinces in the west bordering the province of Banten.

Thousand Islands is an administrative district located in the Bay of Jakarta. Approximately 105 islands located 45 km (28 miles) north of the city.

Jakarta has many city parks that serve as water catchment areas. Monument Park or Taman Merdeka Square is the largest park located in the heart of Jakarta. In the middle of the park stands the National Monument which was built in 1963. The park is open was made by the Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels (1870) and completed in 1910 under the name Koningsplein. In this park there are some tail deer and 33 trees symbolizing the 33 provinces in Indonesia.

Suropati Park is located in Menteng, Central Jakarta. Parks was a circle with an area of 16.322 m2 was, surrounded by several old Dutch buildings. In the park there are several modern sculptures by ASEAN artists, which gives another designation for the park, the "Garden of ASEAN friendship artist. "

Suropati Park

Banteng Square Park is another park located in Gambir, Central Jakarta. The extent of about 4.5 ha. Here lies the West Irian Liberation Monument. In the 1970s, this park is used as a bus terminal. Then in 1993, this park again converted into public space, recreational areas, and also sometimes as a performing arts or other performances.

Name of Jakarta is considered as the abbreviation of the word Jayakarta (Dewanagari). This name was given by people and Cirebon Demak under the leadership of Fatahillah (Faletehan) after attacking and occupying the port of Sunda Kelapa on June 22, 1527. The name is usually translated as city or town victory triumph, but the true meaning is "victory was achieved by an act or effort. "

Sunda Kelapa (397–1527)

Jakarta was first known as one of the port of Sunda kingdom called Sunda Kelapa, located at the mouth of Ciliwung River. The capital of the Kingdom of Sunda, known as Dayeuh Pakuan Pajajaran or Pajajaran (now Bogor) can be reached from the port of Sunda Kalapa a two-day trip. According to Portuguese sources, Sundanese Kalapa is one owned by the Kingdom of Sunda port other than port of Banten, helter, Cigede, Tamgara and Cimanuk. Sunda Kalapa that in this text called Kalapa considered to harbor the most important because it can be reached from the capital of the kingdom which is called by the name Dayo (in modern Sundanese: Dayeuh which means the capital city) within two days. Kingdom of Sunda itself is a continuation of the Kingdom Tarumanagara in the 5th century, so this port is estimated to have existed since the 5th century and is the capital city is estimated Tarumanagara called Sundapura.

In the 12th century, the port is known as a busy port of pepper. Foreign ships coming from China, Japan, South India, and the Middle East is already docked at the port carrying goods such as porcelain, coffee, silk, fabrics, perfumes, horses, wine, and dyes in exchange for spices spices are a commodity trading time.

Jayakarta (1527–1619)

The Portuguese was the first European to come to Jakarta. In the 16th century, Surawisesa, the king of Sunda request assistance Portuguese in Malacca to establish a fort at Sunda Kelapa as protection from possible attacks Cirebon that will secede from the Kingdom of Sunda. Efforts Surawisesa assistance request to the Portuguese in Malacca is enshrined by the Sundanese in rhyme story Seloka Mundinglaya Dikusumah, where Surawisesa diselokakan with his title the name of Mundinglaya. But before the establishment of the fort are taken, Cirebon Demak assisted directly attacked the port. Sundanese people call this incident a tragedy, because the attack membungihanguskan port city and killed many people there, including Syahbandar port of Sunda. Determination of the anniversary of Jakarta on 22 June by Sudiro, the mayor of Jakarta, in 1956 is based on the tragedy of the occupation of the port of Sunda Kalapa by Fatahillah in 1527. Fatahillah change the name of the city into Jayakarta, meaning "city of victory". Furthermore, Sunan Gunung Jati of the Sultanate of Cirebon, the government handed over to his son in the White Rose of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin who became sultan of the Sultanate of Banten.

Batavia (1619–1942)

The Dutch came toto the White Rose around the end of the 16th century ,after a stopover in Banten in 1596 . Abat White Rose at the beginning of the 17th White Rose was ruled by Prince, one of the relatives of the Sultanate of Banten. In 1619, the VOC was led by Jan Pieterszoon Coen's troops occupied the White Rose after defeating the Sultanate of Banten and then changed its name to Batavia. During the Dutch colonization, Batavia developed into a large and important city. (See Batavia). For urban development, the Dutch import many slaves as workers. Most of them come from Bali, Sulawesi, Maluku, China, and the Malabar coast, India. Some argue that these are to then form a community known as the Batavian tribe. It was widely Batavia only cover the area currently known as Old Town in North Jakarta. Before the arrival of slaves, the existing Sundanese people who live in areas such as community Jatinegara The White Rose. While the tribes of ethnic immigrants, in the days of Dutch kolinialisme, forming communities of each region. So in Jakarta there are territories of the former community like Chinatown, Pekojan, Kampung Melayu, Kampung Bandan, Kampung Ambon, Bali Village, and Manggarai.

On October 9, 1740, there were riots in Batavia with the murder of 5,000 Chinese. With these riots, many Chinese people who ran out of town and take the fight against the Dutch. [11] With the completion Koningsplein (Gambir) in 1818, Batavia was developed to the south. In 1920, the Dutch built the city park Menteng, and this region into a new place for the top brass to replace Molenvliet in northern Holland. At the beginning of the 20th century, north of Batavia, Koningspein, and Mester Cornelis (Jatinegara) have been integrated into a city.

On January 1, 1926 Dutch government passed a law to reform the system of decentralization and deconcentration wider. In Java, the province established an autonomous government. Provincie West Java is the first province that was formed in the Dutch Indies which was inaugurated by decree on January 1, 1926, and enacted in the Statute (Statute) 1926 No.. 326, No. 1928. 27 jo No. 28, 1928 No. 438, and 1932 No. 507. Batavia became one of residency in addition to Provincie West Java Banten, Buitenzorg (Bogor), Priangan, and Cirebon.

Djakarta (1942–1972)

Colonization by Japan began in 1942 and changed the name of Batavia into Djakarta to captivate people in World War II. The city is also the site of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on August 17, 1945 and occupied by the Dutch until the recognition of sovereignty in 1949.

Prior to 1959, Djakarta is part of West Java Province. In 1959, Djakarta City status changed from a municipality under the mayor was upgraded to a regional level (Dati I), led by the governor. The first governor was dr. Sumarno sosroatmodjo, an army doctor. Appointment of Governor of the time it is done directly by President Sukarno. In 1961, Djakarta status changed from a Level One Regional Capital Special Region (DKI). Governors remain Sumarno.

Since the declared as the capital city, Jakarta residents jumped very rapidly due to manpower needs of almost all central government in Jakarta. Within 5 years the population doubled over two. Various bags of new middle-class neighborhoods and then expand, like Kebayoran Baru, Cempaka Putih, Rawamangun, and Pejompongan. The centers are also many settlements built independently by various ministries and state institutions such as the Public Corporation Housing.

In the reign of Sukarno, Jakarta held a large project construction, among others, Bung Karno, Istiqlal Mosque, and the National Monument. At this time also Poros Merdeka-Thamrin-Sudirman began to be developed as the main business district, replacing the shaft Medan Merdeka-Salemba-Senen-Jatinegara. Centre's first major settlement made by the private developer is Pondok Indah (by PT Pembangunan Jaya) in the late 1970s in South Jakarta.

This population growth rate had been tried were pressured by the governor Ali Sadikin in the early 1970s by stating Jakarta as a "closed city" for immigrants. This policy can not walk and forgotten in times of leadership next governor. Until now, Jakarta still have to wrestle with the problems that occur due to overcrowding, such as flooding, traffic jams, and lack of adequate public transportation.

In May 1998, there were riots in Jakarta that victimized many ethnic Chinese. Parliament building was occupied by students who want reform. Aftermath of this unrest is the decline of President Soeharto from the presidency. (See the May 1998 riots).

Aside from being a central government in Jakarta is also a business and financial center. In addition to Bank Indonesia and the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the head offices of many national companies located in Jakarta. Currently, more than 70% state money, circulating in Jakarta.

Jakarta is one of the cities in Asia with a sizable middle class society. In 2009, 13% of the people of Jakarta income above U.S. $ 10,000. This amount, places Jakarta parallel to Singapore, Shanghai, and Mumbai.

Language

Jakarta is an urban destination in the world of various races and various ethnic groups in Indonesia, it is necessary for the communication language commonly used in trade in the past ie the Malay language. Sundanese-speaking natives were finally using the Malay language.

However, there are many local names and river names which are preserved in the Sundanese language such as word Ancol, Jewel, Cilandak, Ciliwung, Cideng (which comes from Cihideung and then turned into Cideung and finally become Cideng), and others are still in accordance with the naming depicted in the codex Bujangga Manik currently stored in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, England.

Although the formal language used in Jakarta is Indonesian, the language of informal or colloquial language is Indonesian Betawi dialect. For indigenous people in Kampung Jatinegara People, they are still strong use of their ancestral language is Sundanese.

Regional languages are also used by people from other areas, such as Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Batak, Madurese, Bugis, and also Chinese. It so happens because Jakarta is where the various tribes met. To communicate between various tribes, used Indonesian.

In addition, there is also a growing slang among young people with the words that are sometimes mixed with a foreign language. Some examples of the use of this language is Please dong ah!, Cape deh!, and So what gitu loh!.

English is a foreign language most widely used, especially for the sake of diplomatic, educational, and business. Mandarin is also a foreign language that is widely used, especially among Chinese businessmen.

Culture

Culture Jakarta is a mestizo culture, or a mixture of diverse ethnic cultures. Since the days of the Netherlands, Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia, which attracted immigrants from within and outside the archipelago. The tribes who inhabit Jakarta, among others, Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Batak, and the Bugis. Apart from population Nusantara, Jakarta culture also absorb a lot of foreign cultures, such as Arab culture, Chinese, Indian, and Portuguese.

Ethnic

Based on population census in 1961, noted that the city dwellers numbered 2.9 million consisting of as much as 32.85% of the Sundanese, Javanese, Madurese (25.4%), Betawi (22.9%), Chinese (10.1 %), Minangkabau (2.1%), South Sumatra (2.1%), Batak (1.0%), North Sulawesi (0.7%), Malay (0.7%), South Sulawesi (0, 6%), Maluku and Irian (0.4%), Aceh (0.2%), Banjar (0.2%), East Nusa Tenggara (0.2%), Bali (0.1%), and offspring Other foreign (0.6%). [16]

Total population and ethnic composition in Jakarta change from year to year. Based on the 2000 population census, noted that there are at least seven major ethnic groups that inhabit Jakarta. The Javanese are the largest ethnic population with 35.16% population of the city. Javanese population exceeds the rate Betawi counted as a native of Jakarta. The Javanese are many who work as civil servants, factory workers or domestic servants. Betawi ethnic amounted to 27.65% of the population of the city. They made their living in the informal sector, such as motorcycle taxi drivers, land brokers, or peddlers. Jakarta a fairly rapid development since the early 1970s, has many ethnic Betawi displacing into the suburbs. Lands owned by the Betawi people in the area of Kemayoran, Senayan, Brass, and Tanah Abang, have now been sold to the central building central-business.

In addition to the Javanese and Betawi, the Chinese people who had been present since the 17th century, also became one of the major ethnic groups in Jakarta. They used to stay clumped in areas of their own settlements, commonly known as Chinatown. Chinatown or a Chinese village can be found in Glodok, Pinangsia, and Jatinegara. But today many new residential housing, which is mainly inhabited by Chinese people, such as housing in the area of Kelapa Gading, Pluit, and Sunter. The Chinese made their living as entrepreneurs. Many of those who became a leading businessman, became owners of manufacturing companies, banking, and import-export trade. Besides the ethnic Chinese, ethnic Minangkabau are also many who work as traders. In the traditional markets of Jakarta, many wholesale and retail trade dominated by the Minang people. Beside that also, many Minang people who succeed as professionals, doctors, journalists, professors, bankers, and lawyers.

The city of Jakarta is also the location of leading universities, among others:

1. Universitas Indonesia
2. Jakarta State University
3. Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University
4. Trisakti University
5. Universitas Atma Jaya
6. Tarumanegara University
7. Gunadarma University

Tourism

Landmarks, museums, and famous tourist places in Jakarta are:

• Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
• Thousand Island
• Ragunan Zoo
• National Monuments
• Elephant Museum
• Museum Fatahillah
• Taman Impian Jaya Ancol, including playground Fantasy World and Sea World Indonesia.

Shopping Tour

In order to create the city of Jakarta as a shopping destination, the government held the program "Enjoy Jakarta". The program is one of them held in shopping centers located in Jakarta. To realize Jakarta as an excellent shopping destination, the government is currently developing Casablanca-Satrio axis as the axis of tourist spending. In this axis, in addition to existing shopping centers Ambassador and ITC Kuningan Mall, a shopping center will also present Ciputra World, Brass City, and City of Casablanca. Epicentrum that is not far from the axis, will be integrated into the shaft-Satrio Casablanca shopping tour.

Mall

• Artha Gading Mall, is one of the most unique shopping mall in Jakarta. The concept of this mall interior mimics the style of the history of the Silk Road. This mall has 7 pieces atrium, the atrium of the Archipelago, China, India, Persia, Italy, Paris, and Millennium. This mall has an area of 270,000 m2. In this mall there are Ace Hardware & Index, Diamond Supermarket, Electronic City, IT Center, Amazone, Artha XXI,
• The mall is divided into two districts, namely West Mall and East Mall. Mall located in Jalan Thamrin, Central Jakarta, has 250 000 m2 wide, and it is home to top brands such as Zara, Louis Vuitton, Marks & Spencer, Chanel, Burberry, Forever21, GAP, Gucci, Guess, Polo, and Samuel & Kevin. Including Gramedia Bookstore. At the bottom of the shopping center there are many restaurants that can be enjoyed by visitors.
• Central Park Mall, located at Jalan S. Parman, West Jakarta. This mall has an area of 167,000 m2. This mall design mimics the natural elements of style. In this mall there is a beautiful food court, then there is Sogo Department Store, Carrefour, and Central Park Furnishings. Mall is located in the Area Podomoro City, developed by the Agung Podomoro.
• Kelapa Gading Mall, is located at Jalan Boulevard Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta. With the broad reach 147,000 m2, this mall has a food court and most comprehensive fashion center in Jakarta.
• Plaza Senayan, Jakarta is a huge mall located in Jalan Asia Afrika, South Jakarta. This mall has an area of 130,500 m2. In this mall there are a number of middle and upper class department stores such as Sogo Department Store and the Metro Department Store. In this mall there are also famous bookstore in the world, namely Konikuniya. In the atrium of the mall have a giant clock made by Seiko, Japan. This clock consists of 6 musicians sculpture, every statue playing different musical instruments.
• Orchid Garden Mall, located at Jalan S. Parman, West Jakarta. With an area of about 130,000 m2, this shopping center provides the largest indoor ski field in Southeast Asia.
• Mall Ciputra Jakarta, is in a very strategic location, which is located in front of the toll road and flanked by two university tekenal. Mall is located at Jalan S. Parman, West Jakarta. This mall has an area of 80,000 m2. Above this mall there is Hotel Ciputra Jakarta. In this mall there are Matahari Department Store and Supermarket Hero.
• Senayan City, located on Jalan Asia Afrika, South Jakarta. Mall is located opposite the Plaza Senayan, adjacent to the Bung Karno and the SCBD. This mall has an area of 68,000 m2. On top of this mall there are office towers television station SCTV.
• Emporium Pluit Mall, located at Jalan Raya Pluit South, North Jakarta. With an area of 61,243 m2, this mall has the Sogo Department Store, Carrefour, and other anchor tenants. Mall was developed by PT Pluit Propertindo.
• Plaza Indonesia, located at Jalan MH. Thamrin, Central Jakarta. With an area of approximately 42,540 m2, this mall has become the first place the establishment of Sogo Department Store Indonesia, but has been closed since 2009. In this mall there are Debenhams Department Store, Louis Vuitton, Food Hall, and the Hard Rock Cafe. Mall is integrated with the Grand Hyatt Hotel Jakarta, The Plaza Office Tower, The Hyatt Residence Palace, Plaza EX, Japan Embassy for Indonesia, and the Roundabout Hotel Indonesia.
• Cibubur Junction, located in Ciracas, East Jakarta. This mall has an area of 31,987 m2. In this mall there Hypermart, Matahari Department Store, Cinema 21, Charisma Book Store, Sport Warehouse, Timezone, and other anchor tenants.
• Pondok Indah Mall, located at Jalan Artery Pondok Indah, South Jakarta. Mall consists of 2 main buildings namely Pondok Indah Mall I and II. Pondok Indah Mall II is the most complete mall to meet the needs of residents of South Jakarta. At the mall II have Sogo Department Store, Metro Department Store, and many other large tenants.
• Pacific Place, located at SCBD area. On top of this mall there is the Ritz Carlton Hotel, Pacific Place and the Ritz Carlton Residence 2 towers. In this mall there are M Pacific Place, Kidzania, Blitzmegaplex, Kem Chicks, and other tenants.
• Seasons City, located at Jalan Prof. Dr. Latumenten, West Jakarta. In this mall there are Carrefour, Cinema XXI, Ramayana Department Store, and other anchor tenants. This mall has an apartment tower. This mall is a first area in West Jakarta Court Podomoro, including Podomoro City also.
• Cilandak Town Square, located at Jalan TB. Simatupang, South Jakarta. Mall is famous as an entertainment center in South Jakarta. In this mall there are lots of restaurants, lounges, and cafes.

Food

Jakarta is an international city that many serving specialties from around the world. In areas inhabited by many foreign expatriates, such as in the Menteng area, Kemang, Pondok Indah, and the central business district of Jakarta, is not difficult to find typical foods from Europe, China, Japan and Korea. These foods are usually sold in fancy restaurants.

In Jakarta, and the case of other big cities in Indonesia, Padang Restaurant of the most widely encountered. Almost all over the place in Jakarta, with easy to find restaurants that manyajikan Minang cuisine from this. Jakarta also has its distinctive food, the most famous is the crust egg, Soto Betawi, Ape Cakes, Bread Crocodile, etc..

Also in Jakarta can also be found in traditional foods from regional specialties such as East Java and Bali, which is presented in the form Rawon Prapanca Cottage Restaurant, Soto Eldest, Cingur Rojak, Nasi Bali, Bali Satay. In fact, available also Lontong and Semanggi Surabaya Kupang.