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| Kalimantan Island |
Borneo is the world's third largest island located in the northern island of Java and west of the island of Sulawesi. Borneo Island is divided into the territory of Brunei, Indonesia (two thirds) and Malaysia (third). The island of Borneo known as the "Thousand Islands River" because of its many rivers on the island.
In ancient times, Borneo - which comes from the name of the sultanate of Brunei - is the name used by the colonial British and the Dutch to call this island as a whole, while the Kalimantan is the name used by residents of the island's eastern region that now includes parts of Indonesia. Areas north of this island (Sabah, Brunei, Sarawak), formerly in the Indonesian language is called the North Borneo, but in the sense now of North Borneo is the northern part of East Kalimantan.
In a broader sense "Borneo" covers the entire island is also known as Borneo, Kalimantan, while in the narrow sense refers only to the territory of Indonesia.
According to the C. Hose and Mac Dougall, the name "Borneo"is derived from 6 groups of local tribes namely Sea Dayak (Iban), Kayan, Kenyan, Klemantan, Munut, and Punan. In the essay, Natural Man, a Record from Borneo (1926), Hose C. explained that Klemantan is the new name used by the Malays. But according to Slamet Muljana, said Borneo is not the original Malay word but said the loan as well as the Malay word, which originated from India melayu (Malay which means mountain). Kalimantan or Klemantan derived from Sanskrit, Kalamanthana island where the air is very hot or burn (cal [a]: season, time and Manthan [a]: burn). Because the vowel a at time and manthana according to custom does not spoken, then uttered Kalmantan Kalamanthana later called Klemantan or Quallamontan natives who eventually reduced to Borneo. There are three great kingdoms on the island of Borneo (Brunei), Succadana, and Banjarmasin. Eastern population of this island called Pulu K'lemantan.
If judging from the language of Java, Kalimantan name can mean "Diamond River".
Throughout its history, Borneo is also known by other names. Singasari Kingdom, for example, called it "Bakulapura" the colonies located in southwestern Borneo. Bakula tree in Sanskrit means promontory (mismusops alengi) so Bakulapura get Malay name to "Tanjungpura"shall mean the land / tree island kingdom Tanjungpura promontory that is the name that is often used as the name of the island. While the Kingdom of Majapahit in the Nagara Kakawin Kretagama, written in 1365 called "Tanjungnagara" which also include such Saludung Philippines (Manila) and the Sulu Archipelago.
Hikayat Banjar an ancient Chronicle of South Kalimantan is the final chapter was written in 1663, but the script Itself Hikayat Banjar is derived from the script with a text more ancient Malay kingdom on the Hindus, in it Called the island of Borneo to the Malay name of the island "tip Land". The term tip of this land Came under the form of geomorphology of South Kalimantan region in the days of yore in the form of a peninsula formed by a row of Mount Meratus That juts into the sea of Java. This situation is identical to the shape of the tip of the Malay Peninsula of the State of Johor Often the which is called "Edge of the Land" in ancient Malay manuscripts. Peninsula Land is what were all about-the tip with the territory of Majapahit in East Java the which later gained Tanjungnagara name means Headland-shaped island / peninsula.
The term "Nusa Kencana" is the name of the island of Borneo in the Old Javanese texts such as the King Jayabaya Divination at the end of Majapahit on Java land will be occupied by the Japanese people who come from the direction of Nusa Kencana designation for the area that is now the province of South Kalimantan, because it proved before crossing to Java, the Japanese army first time control of the capital of Banjarmasin Kalimantan. Nusa Kencana often described as the Land Affairs Sabrang named as the embodiment of primitive Alengka residence across the Land of the giants in Java. In the Land of Land Dayak Sabrang there is mentioned in the Supreme Fibre Parwa.
Other titles include: "Island of Banjar" designation in the 17th century from the Gowa, Selaparang (Lombok), Sumbawa and Bima because these kingdoms have bilateral relations with the Sultanate of Banjar, "Big Java" name of the explorer Marco Polo from Italy or in Arabic, and "Jaba Daje" means "Java in the North (from the island of Madura) Madurese designation of a new island of Borneo in the 20th century.
Kalimantan Island was in the middle of Southeast Asia because it is a lot of island culture and political influence of the surrounding islands. Around the year 400 the island of Borneo has entered the era of history to be found relics of the kingdom of Kutai inscription Yupa but the development of civilization relatively slower progress than other islands due to geographical constraints and population are small.
In the 14th century Odorico da Pordenone, a Catholic monk for visiting Borneo. Around the year 1362 under the leadership of Majapahit Patih Gajah Mada University to expand its power to the island of Borneo, namely countries: Kapuas, Katingan, Sampit, Ungga City, Town Waringin, Sambas, Lawai, Kadandangan, Landa, Samadang, Tirem, bitterly, Barune, Kalka , Saludung (Maynila), Solot, Sand, Barito, Sawaku, Tabalong, Cape Kutei and Malano remains the most important on the island Tanjungpura.
At the time of the Dutch East Indies, Borneo known as Borneo. This does not mean the name of Borneo are not known. In the letters Tamjidillah Prince of the Kingdom of Banjar in 1857 to the Dutch Resident in Banjarmasin he mentions the island of Borneo, not the island. This shows that among the population, more commonly known name of Kalimantan on Borneo name used in the Dutch East Indies colonial administration. Kalimantan name again became popular in around the 1940's. In 1938, the Dutch East Indies established the three provinces on Sumatra eilandgewest ie capital is Medan, capital of Borneo in Banjarmasin, and the Big East in its capital of Makassar.
On February 13, 1942 Sakaguchi detachment occupied the city of Banjarmasin. After taking over Borneo from the hands of Japan, urged the Federal NICA Kalimantan to immediately establish the State of East Kalimantan, Indonesia following the country who have stood. Thus was established the Board of West Kalimantan on 28 October 1946, which became the Special Region of West Kalimantan on May 27, 1947; with the Regional Head, Sultan Hamid II of Pontianak Sultanate with the rank of Major General. Territory consists of 13 kingdoms as autonomous as in the Dutch East Indies era of Sambas, Pontianak, Mempawah, Hedgehog, Kubu, Tayan, Meliau, Sekadau, Sintang, Selimbau, Simpang, Sukadana and Matan.
Great Dayak Council was formed on December 7, 1946, and thereafter on January 8, 1947 established the Board Pagatan, Sea Island Council and the Board Cantung Sampanahan who joined the Federation of East Kalimantan. Then on February 18, 1947 formed the Federation Council of Sand and East Kalimantan, which is finally on August 26, 1947 joined the Board of East Kalimantan. Further Areas of East Kalimantan to East Kalimantan with the Special Region Regional Head, Sultan Aji Muhammad Parikesit of the Sultanate of Kutai with the rank of Colonel. Banjar area that has caught federal district Banjar Council was finally established on 14 January 1948.
Governor of Government in the government of Indonesia in Yogyakarta, namely Prince Mohamed Noor, send Little Riwut and Hasan Basry in the mission to defend the independence struggle to confront the power of NICA. On May 17, 1949, Lt. Col. Hassan Basry as Governor of Region IV of Defense Army Navy a Proclamation proclaiming Kalimantan Kalimantan whose contents that "Kalimantan" remains as an integral part of the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed on 17 August 1945. Government Military Governor of this effort is a rival to the formation of the Dutch established the Board of Banjar.
In the United States of Indonesia, Kalimantan into several units of-state, namely: the Special Region of West Kalimantan capital of Pontianak, the capital of the Federation of East Kalimantan, Samarinda, Dayak Besar with temporary capital of Banjarmasin, Banjar Region with the capital Banjarmasin, East Kalimantan Federation with the capital Kotabaru.
Since 1938, Borneo-Netherlands East Indies (Borneo) is a unit of administrative regions under a governor, based in Banjarmasin, and has representatives in Volksrad.
Re-establishment of Kalimantan province on August 14, 1950 after the dissolution of the RIS, celebrated as the Day of South Kalimantan Province (formerly called the province of Kalimantan, one of the first province). Until 1956, Borneo was divided into 3 provinces, namely South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, West Kalimantan. Then, on May 23, 1957, officially formed the province of Central Kalimantan, formerly known as Local Dayak Besar as a form of secession of South Kalimantan, stood to be the 17th province independent.
Later in the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, Borneo is the main location in the event of confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia in 1962 and 1966.
Borneo Island is located on the north island of Java, east of the Straits of Melaka, west of the island of Sulawesi and the southern Philippines. Size of Borneo island is 743,330 km ².
Borneo Island is surrounded by South China Sea in the west and north-west, the Sulu Sea in the north-east, the Celebes Sea and Makassar Strait in the east and the Java Sea and the Strait of Karimata in the south.
Mount Kinabalu (4095 m) located in Sabah, Malaysia is the highest location in Kalimantan. In addition there are also Mountain Trench, Mount Lumut, and Mount Liangpran.
The longest rivers are the Kapuas River in Borneo (1143 km) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, Barito River (880 km) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, Mahakam River (980 km) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, chopped River (562.5 km ) in Sarawak, Malaysia.
Borneo has a dense forest. However, forest area is declining due to rampant tree felling action.
Kalimantan Forests are natural habitats for animal orang utan, Borneo elephant, rhino borneo and some endangered species.
On the island of Borneo there are some areas of Indonesia and Malaysia. Territory Brunei all situated in the island.
Indonesian region of Borneo is divided into four provinces based on the order of creation:
- South Kalimantan capital of Banjarmasin
- West Kalimantan capital of Pontianak with
- East Kalimantan capital of Samarinda
- Central Kalimantan capital of Palangkaraya
Here are nine big cities in Kalimantan, Indonesia in terms of population 2010 and comparisons with 2005.
City, Province
- Samarinda, East Kalimantan
- Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan
- Balikpapan, East Kalimantan
- Pontianak, West Kalimantan
- Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan
- Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan
- Tarakan, East Kalimantan
- Singkawang, West Kalimantan
- Bontang, East Kalimantan