The following are the miscellaneous broiler farming begins with a brief history of broiler, broiler farming center, the kinds of broiler, broiler benefits, requirements of broiler farms, technical guidelines broiler farming, pests and diseases of broiler and others.
Brief History
Called broiler broilers, the which is a kind of superior race crosses of Chickens from the nations That have the power of high productivity, especially in the production of chicken meat. Actually this new broiler popular in Indonesia since the 1980's where the holders of power launched fierce commander of ruminant meat consumption is increasingly Difficult at the time of its existence. Until now Broiler Chickens have been known to the people of Indonesia with many advantages. Only cans be harvested 5-6 weeks. By maintaining a Relatively short time and profitable, so many new as well as seasonal Breeders Breeder are popping up in Various parts of Indonesia.
Chickens have been developed and very rapidly in every state. In Indonesia broiler business has also been found almost in every province
With Various strains of broiler Chickens That have been circulated in the market, the Farmers need not worry in determining Their choice. For all types of strains have been circulating have That Relatively the same. Productivity means that power if there is a difference, the difference was not flashy or very small. In determining the choice of what strains will from be maintained, the farmer May request a list of productivity or performance of seeds sold in Poultry Shoup. The type strains of broiler That many in the market are: Super 77, Tegel 70, ISA, Kim Cross, Lohman 202, Hyline, Vdett, Missouri, Hubbard, Shaver Starbro, Pilch, Yabro, Goto, arcres Arbor, Tatum, Indian river , Hybro, Cornish, Brahma, Langshans, Hypeco-Broiler, Ross, Marshall "m", Euribrid, AA 70, H & N, Sussex, Bromo, CP 707.
Chicken Cut Benefits
- Benefits of broiler breeding, among others, include:
- The provision of animal protein needs
- Fillers spare time the days of retirement
- Education and training (training) skills among adolescents
- Savings in old age
- Adequate family needs (profit motive)
Location Requirements
- The location is quite far from the hustle / housing residents.
- Location is easily accessible from the marketing centers.
- The location was chosen to be settled, that is not easily distracted by other purposes in addition to farm.
Technical Guidelines For Raising
Before farming began, a rancher must understand the 3 (three) elements of production are: management (farm management), breeding (breeding) and feeding (forage / feed)
- Preparation Facility and Equipment
- Cage
- Cage system is ideal for poultry business race include:
- Requirements temperature ranges from 32.2 to 35 degrees C,
- Between 60-70% Humidity ranges, lighting / heating enclosure in accordance with existing rules,
- The layout of the cage in order to get the morning sun and not against the direction of the Winds, the model adjusted for age chicken Cages,
- For puppies Until the age of 2 weeks or 1 month of use a cage boxes, for teens cock ± 1 month to 2 or 3 months on box Cages for Chickens raised and Adults with cage cage cans be-any postal or bateray.
- For cage construction with materials That do not need expensive, the which is an Important powerful, clean and durable.
Equipment
- Litter (floor mat). Alas floor / litter Should Be in a dry state, then there is no leaking roof and rain water That ENTERED although no strong Winds. Height of 10 cm thick litter, litter materials Used mixture of bran / Husk with a little taste of lime and sand, or wood shavings with a length Between the 3-5 cm to substitute bran / Husk.
- Parent or brooder. This tool is a round or square with an area range of 1-3 m with a heater in the middle. Functions like a hen that warms the child when the newly hatched chicken.
- Perch (if necessary). Perches to place of rest / sleep, created by the wall and cultivated dirt fell to the floor that is easy to clean from the outside. Created closed to avoid the wind and the location is less than the spawn.
- Places to eat, drink and where grit. Places to eat and drink should be available sufficient, the material of bamboo, aluminum or anything that does not leak too strong and does not rust. For the grits with a special box
Routine tools
Routine tools including medical devices such as chicken: injections, surgical scissors, a knife cut a small operation, and others.
Nurseries
- Livestock are kept must meet the following requirements:
- Livestock healthy and not on his physical disability
- The growth and normal development
- Livestock originating from nurseries known advantages.
- There is no coherence in their anus feces
Seed Selection and Candidate Master
There are some technical guidelines for selecting seeds / DOC (Day Old Chicken) / day old chicken:
- Chicks (DOC) derived from a healthy parent.
- Hair looks smooth and full and good growth.
- There is no defect in his body.
- Chicks have a good appetite.
- The size of normal weight, size Between 35-40 grams weight.
- No put feces on his-anus.
Seed treatment and Prospective Parent
Done every time, if there are symptoms of abnormalities in animals so that immediate attention be given special treatment and be given appropriate instructions or local Animal Husbandry Department veterinarian who served in the regions concerned.
Maintenance
- Providing food and drink
- For feeding broiler chickens there are 2 (two) phases which starter (age 0-4 weeks) and finisher phase (age 4-6 weeks)
The quality and quantity of feed starter phase are as follows:
- The quality or nutrient feed consisting of 22-24% protein, 2.5% fat, crude fiber 4%, Calcium (Ca) 1%, phosphorus (P) 0.7 to 0.9%, ME 2800-3500 Kcal.
- The quantity of feed divided / grouped into 4 (four) groups, namely the first week (age 1-7 days) 17 grams / day / head, the second week (age 8-14 days) 43 grams / day / head, week 3 (age 15-21 days) 66 grams / day / head and week 4 (age 22-29 days) 91 grams / day / head. So the amount of feed required for each head reached the age of 4 weeks of 1520 gram.
The quality and quantity of feed finisher phases are as follows:
- The quality or nutrient feed consists of proteins from 18.1 to 21.2%, fat 2.5%, 4.5% crude fiber, calcium (Ca) 1%, phosphorus (P) 0.7 to 0.9% and energy (ME) 2900-3400 Kcal.
The quantity of feed divided / classified into four age groups, namely:
- week-5 (age 30-36 days) 111 grams / day / head,
- week 6 (age 37-43 days) 129 grams / day / head,
- week-7 (age 44-50 days) 146 grams / day / head
- week 8 (age 51-57 days) 161 grams / day / head.
So the total amount of feed per cow at the age of 30-57 days is 3829 grams.
Provision of drinking age adjusted view of chicken that are grouped into 2 (two) phases, namely:
- Starter phase (age 1-29 days), drinking water demand is divided again in EACH week, namely the 1st week (1-7 days) 08:01 liters / day / 100 taels; Week 2 (8-14 days) 3.1 liter / day / 100 tail, Week 3 (15-21 days) 4.5 liters / day / 100 taels and Week 4 (22-29 days) 7.7 liters / day / head. So the amount of water needed Until the age of 4 weeks is as much as 122.6 liter/100 tail. Provision of drinking water on the first day Should Be given extra sugar and anti-stress drugs into drinking water. Given the amount of sugar is 50 grams / liter of water.
- Finisher phase (age 30-57 days), clustered in each week of the 5th week (30-36 days) 9.5 liters / day / 100 birds, week 6 (37-43 days) 10.9 liters / day / 100 birds, 7th week (44-50 days) 12.7 liters / day / 100 birds and week 8 (51-57 days) 14.1 liters / day / head. So a total of 30-57 days of drinking water as much as 333.4 liters / day / head.
Cleaning the cage environment (sanitation) in the area of the farm is disease prevention efforts that are cheaper, it only takes a tenacious force / skilled only. Preventive action by giving the vaccine in cattle with the brand and the dosage according to records on the label of poultry shoup. Cage can be useful for building an effective, then the building needs to be maintained in good cage that the cage was always cleaned and maintained / checked if there is a defective part so soon embroidered / repaired back. Thus the efficiency of the cage can be a maximum without reducing the requirements for the livestock kept cage.
Pest And Disease
Disease
Dysentery (coccidiosis)
Symptoms: bloody stools and diarrhea, lack of appetite, terkulasi wings, feathers dull shivering.
Control:
- Maintain cleanliness lingkungaan, keep the litter remains dry;
- With Tetra Chloine Capsule given by mouth; Noxal, Zuco Trisula tablets dissolved in drinking water or sulfaqui moxaline, amprolium, cxaldayocox.
Newcastle (NCD / New Castle Diseae)
Symptoms: chicken Difficult breathing, coughing, sneezing, arising grunting, lethargic, sleepy eyes, wings, Sometimes bloody, watery stools greenish-specific symptoms "tortikolis" the head twirling erratic and paralyzed.
Control:
- Maintain cleanliness of environment and equipment contaminated with the virus, Newcastle disease vector animals, chickens that died immediately burned / removed;
- Isolate the sick chicken, preventing guests enter the area of farms without the clothes disinfect / sterile and NCD vaccination. Until now there is no cure.
Pest
Mites (alliance)
Symptoms: chicken restless, often pecking and flapping feathers because of itching, decreased appetite, pale and thin.
Control:
Environmental sanitation good chicken coop; separate the sick Chickens, with a healthy, using the carbonate concentration of 0.15% Sevin with a dilute with water and then spray with Sevin carbonate concentration of 0.15% the which dilute with water and then spray the body of Patients. By fumigation or using a volatile insecticide pengasepan Such as Nocotine sulfate or Black leaf 40.