Paper is a thin and flat material, which is produced by compression of fibers derived from the pulp. Fibers used are usually natural, and contains cellulose and hemicellulose.
The paper is known as the primary medium for writing, printing and painting and many other uses that can be done with such paper cleaning paper (tissue)that is used for food, hygiene or toilet
The existence of the paper is a new revolution in the world who donate stationery to write great significance in world civilization. Before you found the paper, the nations first use of clay tablets which were burned. This can be seen from the Sumerian civilization, Inscription of stone, wood, bamboo, leather or animal bones, silk, palm leaves strung together even as his scripts found on the archipelago a few centuries ago.
Ancient Egyptian Civilization donated the papyrus as writing media. The use of papyrus as a writing medium is used in the civilization of ancient Egypt during the dynasty pharaoh then spread throughout the Middle East until the Romans in the Mediterranean Sea and spread across Europe, although the use of papyrus still felt very expensive. From the word papyrus (papyrus) that is known as a paper in English, papier in Dutch, German, French or papel example in Spanish, which means the paper.
Recorded in the history of Chinese civilization, which is donating the paper for the World. Tsai Lun is found paper made from bamboo are easily available throughout China in the year 101 AD. This discovery eventually spread to Japan and Korea as the spread of the nations of China to the east and the development of civilization in the region although it was originally a way of making paper is very confidential.
In the end, the paper-making techniques in the hands of the Arabs in the Abbasid period, especially after the defeat of the Tang Dynasty forces in the Battle of Talas River in 751 AD in which the prisoners of war teaches how to make paper to the Arabs so that the Abbasid era, came the paper industry centers in both Baghdad and Samarkand and other industrial cities, then spread to Italy and India, and Europe especially after the Crusades and the fall of Grenada from the Moors into the hands of the Spaniards and to the world
In 1799, a Frenchman named Nicholas Louis Robert invented a process to make sheets of paper in a moving wire screen, with the improvements of this tool is now known as Fourdrinier machines. The discovery engine cylinder by John Dickinson in 1809, has led to increasing use Fourdrinier machine in the manufacture of paper-thin paper. 1826, the steam cylinder for the first time used in drying and in 1927 the United States began using the Fourdrinier machine.
The increase in production by the machine Fourdrinier and cylinder machines has led to increasing demand of raw materials used fabric that more and more reduced. In 1814, Friedrich Gottlob Keller found the process of mechanical pulping of wood, but the resulting paper quality is low. Around the year 1853-1854, Charles Watts and Hugh Burgess develop papermaking using soda process. 1857, a chemist from American named Benjamin Chew Tilghman get British Patent for sulphite process. Pulp produced from the sulfite process is nice and ready bleached. Kraft process resulting from the experimental basis by Carl Dahl in 1884 in Danzig. This process is commonly called sulphate process, because of Na2SO4 is used as the chemical make-up for the rest of the cooking solution.