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| Bananas |
Banana is the common name given to the large leafy giant herb plants extending from the tribe of Musaceae. Some species (Musa acuminata, M. balbisiana, and M. × paradisiaca) fruit consumption is called the same. The fruit is arranged in bunches with menjari structured groups, called the comb. Virtually all bananas have yellow skin when ripe, though some were colored orange, red, purple, or even almost black. Bananas as a source of energy food (carbohydrates) and minerals, especially potassium.
Be aware, the term "banana" is also used for a number of species that do not produce fruit consumption, such as abaca banana, ornamental bananas, and banana fan. This article discusses only the banana-producing fruit consumption and related relatives.
Diversity banana
The main diversity centers are located in regions banana Malesia (South-East Asia, tropical Australia and Papua). Center for minor diversity was also present in tropical Africa. This plant likes hot and humid tropical climate, especially in the lowlands. In areas with rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year, banana production can take place without knowing the season. Indonesia, Pacific Islands, Central American countries, and Brazil is known as the main countries exporting bananas. Communities in African countries and Latin America are known to be high consume bananas each year.
Bananas are cultivated in a period now considered a descendant of the diploid Musa acuminata and grow wild. Genome that were donated were given the symbol A. Natural crossing with Moses balbisiana enter new genomes, called B, and causes varied types of bananas. Effect of genome B mainly seen in the starch content in fruit is higher. In general, the genome of A contributes towards the character table fruit (banana), while the B genome of banana direction if / cook (plantains). M. hybrid with M. acuminata balbisiana is known as M. × paradisiaca. Especially for group AAB, the name of Musa sapientum never used.
Simmonds and Shepherd followed the advice of his work published in 1955, the classification of banana cultivation is now using a combination of the names of these genomes as a group culture (cultivar group). For example, for the Cavendish banana, known as Musa (AAA group Dessert subgroup) 'Cavendish'. Under the group is still possible division within child groups (subgroups). See also Moses' article for more in-depth discussion.
Bananas have traditionally not cultivated intensively. Only a few are cultivated intensively and massive monoculture plantations, such as 'Gros Michel' and 'Cavendish'. Other types are usually planted in groups in the yard, the edges of the lands of other crops, and the river bank.
Pests and diseases
Propagation through vegetative makes bananas very susceptible to attack intruders, because of the limited genetic diversity. A plantation is affected by the disease can transmit with a brief to the neighboring plantations.
Pest
- Beetles Cosmopolites sordidus, causes black spots on bananas
Disease
- Panama Disease
- Disease sigatoka
- Blood Diseases
- Xanthomonas bacterial wilt disease
