Gold is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Au (Latin: 'aurum') and atomic number 79. A transition metal (trivalent and univalent) a soft, shiny, yellow, heavy, "malleable", and "ductile". Gold does not react with other chemicals but attacked by chlorine, fluorine and aqua regia. The metal is widely available in gold nuggets or dust on the rocks and in alluvial deposits and one of the coinage metals. ISO code is XAU. Gold melt in liquid form at temperatures around 1000 degrees Celsius.
Gold is a metal that is soft and malleable, hardness ranged between 2.5 - 3 (Mohs scale), and its density depends on the type and content of other metals combined with it. Mineral gold carrier usually associated with minerals (gangue minerals). Associated minerals are generally quartz, carbonate, tourmaline, flourpar, and a small number of non-metallic minerals. Mineral gold carrier was also associated with sulphide deposits that have been oxidized. Carrier mineral of gold consists of gold nativ, elektrum, telurida gold, some gold alloys and compounds with the elements sulfur, antimony, and selenium. Elektrum actually another type of gold nativ, only the silver content in it> 20%.
Gold formed from the process or pengkonsentrasian magmatisme on the surface. Some of the sediment formed by the process metasomatisme contacts and hydrothermal solutions, while the mechanically produced precipitate pengkonsentrasian put (placer). Genesis of gold categorized into two namely:
1. Primary deposition; and
2. Plaser sediment.
Gold is used as a financial standard in many countries and is also used as jewelry, and electronics. The use of gold in monetary and financial field based on absolute monetary value of gold itself against various currencies around the world, although officially the world's commodity exchanges, the gold price listed in U.S. Dollars. Forms of use of gold in the monetary field is typically in the form of bouillon or gold bars in various units of weight grams to kilograms.
Gold is also traded in the form of gold coins, such as the Krugerrand which is produced by the South African Mint Company in various units of weight. Krugerrand weight unit commonly encountered is 1 / 10 oz (ounce), 1 / 4 oz, 1 / 2 oz and 1 oz. Krugerrand coin prices based on gold price movements in world commodity markets to move on all-time trading. Krugerrand Coins special (or so-called proof collector's edition) also produced a limited basis in accordance with a specific theme. Due to limited production, often times the price of this proof coin Krugerrand edition content exceeds the price of gold coins depends on scarcity and condition of this particular coin. Edition of the well-loved and sought after by investors is the edition that contains an image Nelson Mandela.
There are several countries that produce a mass of gold coins to be offered as an alternative investment, among others:
2. China - panda
3. Malaysia - golden deer
4. Canada - maple leaf
5. UK - Britannia
6. United States - eagle and buffalo
7. South Africa - Krugerrand
8. New Zealand - Kiwi
9. Singapore - Lion
10. Austria – philharmonic
Today gold companies stormed the corners of the earth is guided by a powerful guide: the World Bank. World Bank, the main institution that spicy finish world poverty, assume that multinational mining companies would bring investment, encouraging the development of roads, schools and jobs, to countries that do not have much capital in addition to their natural resources.
The World Bank's work on both sides. Upon his urging, more than 100 governments that have experienced financial problems agrees to cut taxes and royalties to lure big mining companies, said James Otto, a visiting professor at the University of Denver law school.
Meanwhile, the World Bank gives money to or guarantee more than 30 gold mining project, for profit.
Although mine is only a small part of the World Bank portfolio, when controversy was rampant accidents increases. In one of the worst disasters, in 1995 a mine in Guyana which are guaranteed by the World Bank to shed more than 790,000 gallons of mine waste-to-child mixed cyanide Essequibo River, which is the main water source of the country.
In 2001, when World Bank president, James D. Wolfenshon, set a moratorium on mining investments over the past two years and ordered the preparation of a studyof World Bank's involvementin the industry .
The potential of gold deposits found in almost every region in Indonesia, as in Pulau Sumatera, Kepulauan Riau, Pulau Kalimantan, Pulau Jawa, Pulau Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Papua.